Map With Continents And Oceans – Animated, color-coded maps showing different continents. Depending on the convention and model, some containers may be consolidated or subdivided.

The continent is one of several large countries. It is commonly known as a convention that any strict, up to two geographical regions are generally considered to be continental. These regions are ranked from largest to smallest: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia.

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Variations with fewer continents can be mixed. Zealandia, a largely submerged mass of continental crust, is also described as a continent.

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Oceanic islands are often joined with a neighboring continent to divide all the land of the world into geographical regions. According to this theory, most of the island nations and territories in the Pacific are united with the continent of Australia to form a geographical region called Oceania.

In geology, a continent is defined as “one of the major land masses, including both the dry land and the continental shelf.”

Geological continents correspond to six major areas of the continental crust found in plate tectonics, but small continental fragments such as Madagascar are commonly referred to as microcontinents. Continental crust is only known to exist on Earth.

The idea of ​​continence gained recognition in the 20th century. He claims that the present continents were formed by the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea 100 million years ago.

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By convention, the continents are conceived as “masses of earth so large, continuous, and discrete, that they are perfectly separated by equal expanses.”

In newer systems with five or more components recognized, at least one pair of components is connected to ground in some way. The “large” criterion leads to an arbitrary classification: Greenland, with an area of ​​2,166,086 square kilometers (836,330 sq mi), is considered the world’s largest single island, while Australia is held at 7,617,930 square kilometers (2,941,300 sq mi). containing the smallest

The major lands of the earth all have their borders in one, continuous world ocean, which is divided into several parts of the ocean by the continents and various geographical features.

A region, whether a country or a continent, where the coast and the borders of the continent. In this context, the term continental Europe (sometimes in Britain as “Contint”) is used to refer to mainland Europe, excluding islands such as Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland, and Malta, while the term may refer to mainland Australia. on the continent of Australia except New Guinea, Tasmania and other adjacent islands. Similarly, the continental United States refers to the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia and may include Alaska in the continental dance (two separate from Canada), except for Hawaii in the Pacific.

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From the perspective of geology or physical geography, a continuum can be extended beyond the dry boundaries of the continuum to include the adjacent shallow, submerged area (the continental shelf).

From this point of view, the edge of the continental shelf is the true edge of the continent, as the shorelines vary with changes in sea level.

In this sense the islands of Great Britain and Ireland are part of Europe, while Australia and the island of New Guinea meet the continent.

As a cultural construct, the concept of a continent can go beyond the continental shelf and include oceanic islands and continental fragments. In this way Iceland is considered part of Europe and Madagascar part of Africa. Extrapolating the idea to its limits, some geographers group the continental plate of Australia with other Pacific islands into a single “quasi-continent” called Oceania. This band divides the Earth’s surface into continents or quasi-continents.

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The criterion that each container is a separate field is usually resolved due to historical and practical considerations. Of the six most globally recognized continents, only Antarctica and Australia are completely separated from the other continents by ocean. Different continents are not defined as absolutely different bodies, but “more or less discrete masses of land.”

Africa and Asia are joined by the Isthmus of Suez, and North America and South America by the Isthmus of Panama. In either case, there is no separation of these lands from the water (except for the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal, which are both narrow and shallow and man-made). Both isthmuses are very narrow and connect most of the landmasses.

North America and South America are treated as separate continents in the seo-continent model. But they can also be thought of as one continent called America. This view was common in the United States until World War II, and is still present in some Asian models with six continents.

The single-continental American model is most commonly seen in France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain, and Latin American countries.

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The criterion of discrete land is completely ignored, since the continuous land of Eurasia is counted as two separate continents (Asia and Europe). Physiographically, Europe and the Indian subregion are large peninsulas of the Eurasian landmass. However, Europe is generally considered to be a continent with its relatively large land area of ​​10,180,000 square kilometers (3,930,000 sq mi), while the sub-tropical area, with less than half of that area, is considered sub-tropical. One is left with the view that – in geology and geography – Eurasia is a single continent event in a six-continent world view. Some consider the separation of Eurasia into Asia and Europe as a remnant of Euroctrism: “In physical, cultural and historical diversity, China and India are compared to the exhausted European land, not to one European. […].”

However, for historical and cultural reasons, the concept of Europe as a separate continent persists in various categories.

If the continents are distinctly defined as separate countries, the entire surrounding physical region, Africa, Asia and Europe form one continent, which can be referred to as Afro-Eurasia.

With the consolidation of America, this would yield a model containing the four continents of Afro-Eurasia, America, Antarctica and Australia.

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When sea levels were lower during the Pleistocene glaciation, larger areas of the continental shelf were exposed as dry land, forming land bridges between Tasmania and the Australian mainland.

At that time Australia and New Guinea were one and the continent known as Sahul. Likewise, Afro-Eurasia and America are joined by the Beringland Bridge. Other islands, such as Great Britain, were connected to the mainland. At that time, there were only three separate continents in the world: Africa-Eurasia-America, Antarctica, Australia-New Guinea (Sahul).

Some geographers use the name Oceania for the geographic region that includes most of the islands and regions in the Pacific Ocean, as well as the continent of Australia.

For a more detailed description of population by continent and subregion, see List of continents and subregions by population.

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The following table lists the Cyclopedia Britannica areas for each continent according to the continental model, including Australia along with Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia as part of Oceania. It also includes the continent’s population according to 2021 estimates by the United Nations Department of Statistics based on the UN geoschema, which includes all of Russia (i.e. Siberia) part of Europe, but includes all of Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Kazakhstan and Turkey. (i.e. including Eastern Thrace) as part of Asia.

In addition to present-day continents, the scope and meaning of the term continent also includes the geological past. Supercontinents, widely documented in the geological record, are landmasses that comprise most of the world’s cratons or continental cores.

These include Vaalbara, Korland, Columbia, Rodinia, Pannotia, and Pangaea. Over time this supercontinent was broken up into the great lands that formed the first continents.

Some parts of the continents are recognized as subcontinents, especially large islands separated from the continental landmass by geographic features. The most widespread example is the Indian sub-area.

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The Arabian Peninsula, the southern pyramids of South America and Alaska in North America can be considered several examples.

In many of these cases, the “subcontinents” in question are different tectonic plates from the rest of the continent, providing geological justification for the terminology.

Greenland, commonly considered the world’s largest island on the northern periphery of the North American plate, is sometimes referred to as a subcontinent.

This is a significant departure from the more conventional view of the subcontinent, which consists of a very large pin on the edge of the continent.

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Where America seems to be one continent (America), it is divided into two subcontinents (North America and South America)

Some parts of the continental crust are largely covered by ocean and can be considered submerged continents. The well-known examples are Zeelandia, which comes mainly from the ocean in New Zealand and New Caledonia;

Some islands lie on portions of the continental crust that have been torn apart and thrown away from the great continent. Although containers are not considered because of their relatively small size, small containers can be considered. Madagascar, the largest example, is usually considered an African island, but it has undergone a divergent evolution.

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