Map Of Syria And Iran – Following Turkey’s invasion of Syria on October 9, Iran urged its longtime ally and neighbor to reconsider plans to build a buffer zone in Syria. Rouhani said in an interview with Islamic Students News Agency that we call on our friendly and fraternal neighbor Turkey to act with more patience and restraint and to reconsider its decisions and the path it has chosen. “We are clear that the only way to ensure safety and security in southern Turkey and northern Syria is the presence of the Syrian army,” he said.

Rouhani’s statement marked a significant break with Turkey. Iran, along with Russia, has supported President Bashar al-Assad’s regime militarily, economically and politically since the civil war collapsed in 2011. The warring government in Syria. Iran has long insisted on Syria’s territorial integrity. The aim of the Turkish invasion is to clear Kurdish militias and create a buffer zone along the 570 km border with Syria.

Map Of Syria And Iran

Iran’s Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif, in a speech to parliament on October 9, emphasized that “security will not be established in Turkey through (military) actions against Syria’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.”

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“The Islamic Republic certainly believes that regional security is possible by following two principles: first, respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity and security of all regional states, and second, respect for the rights of all people, including our Kurdish brothers and sisters. . »

America is an irrelevant occupier in Syria – it is pointless to seek its permission or rely on it for security. Achieving peace in Syria and the fight against terrorism can only be successful if we respect the integrity of the land and its people. Adana provides framework for Turkey and Syria – Iran is ready to help. — Javad Zarif (@JZarif) October 7, 2019

Iran’s parliament speaker Ali Larijani canceled a planned trip to Turkey after the invasion began. Nearly 100 Iranian parliamentarians have signed a statement condemning Turkey’s military action in Syria.

On October 10, Iran’s Foreign Ministry demanded an “immediate cessation of the offensive and the withdrawal of Turkish forces from Syrian soil.” The ministry also said that while it “understands Turkey’s security concerns,” it believes that “military action will not only reduce the country’s security concerns, but also cause financial and humanitarian losses.”

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It is imperative to end the invasion of #Syria now and resolve all issues through #ADANA. In the process, it is essential to fully respect the fundamental principles of JUS IN BELLO: the distinction between civilians and combatants and the prohibition of unnecessary suffering. — Javad Zarif (@JZarif) October 15, 2019

Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Abbas Mousavi called on Ankara on October 21 to respect Syria’s territorial sovereignty by not establishing military bases in the country. “The Turks may have a base on their own border, but building a base on Syrian soil is unacceptable and would be a violation of the [property rights] of United Nations members,” he said.

Iran has a long history of cooperation with Syria. Damascus has been Tehran’s closest ally since the 1979 Islamic Revolution. Syria was the only Arab country to support Iran against Iraq after President Saddam Hussein’s 1980 invasion.

Iran’s alliance with Syria is part of a strategy to increase its influence in the Levant. Syria is also an important territorial element in Iran’s creation of a land corridor from Tehran through Baghdad and Damascus to Beirut on the Mediterranean. A land bridge connects Iran with Hezbollah allies in Lebanon.

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Iran deployed troops to Syria for the first time in 2013. The number of Iranian soldiers in Syria ranges from hundreds of thousands to thousands. But Tehran has also mobilized nearly 20,000 fighters from Afghanistan, Iraq, Lebanon, Pakistan and other countries to support the Assad regime. As of April 2018, Iranian forces and their proxies have a military presence at around 40 facilities in Syria. As of October 2019, Iran has spent approximately $15 billion supporting the Syrian regime. Since the start of the Syrian civil war in 2011, Iran has found various ways to increase its military and security influence in Syria. The first method is direct cooperation with foreign militias and recruitment of local militias. The second approach was born out of the core of the first. Its main goal is to integrate local Iranian armed forces into Bashar al-Assad’s forces and security forces, so that they have a legal presence in Syria and cover defenses against Israeli or US airstrikes.

However, as military operations in Syria have waned, Iran has begun to seek new ways to increase its control and influence in various Syrian provinces, especially after succeeding in infiltrating the regime’s military and security facilities.

Since early 2017, Iran has focused on infiltrating Syrian society and strengthening ties with Syrian businessmen. This set of facts provides a limited summary of Iran’s military and security power in Syria, and the extent of its impact on Syrian society and economy.

Over the past few years, Iran’s military involvement in Syria has escalated, making them a target of Israel’s air force. As a result, Iran will have to find a different approach to military intervention in 2017-2018 to protect its militias. Iran has since embarked on an ambitious plan to redefine its presence in Syria by creating a local defense force (LDF), supporting special forces within the Syrian army, and recently establishing local private security companies.

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The two maps below illustrate the wide-ranging changes in Iran’s influence and control between 2013 and 2020. In 2013, Iran’s military influence was indirect and the presence of the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah (Map 1).

Iran has encouraged Syria’s Shia minority to accept Sunnis in provinces such as Aleppo, Raqqa and Deir Ezzor. In addition, some Shia militias in Syria have been and continue to be recruited on a sectarian basis under the pretext of protecting sites considered sacred by the Shia. For example, activities are taking place in areas where Shiite mosques are located in the Saida Zainab district of Damascus.

Once recruited, individuals are sent for approximately twenty-one to forty-five days of light and medium weapons training, and sometimes six months of heavy weapons training. Iranian-backed or Syrian-founded militias are divided into several groups.

Iran uses a variety of mechanisms to recruit foreign fighters. He uses the ideological element through his “Hussein Followers” to recruit Shiite volunteers with the slogan of “Protection of Shiite Temples”.

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Iran also lures fighters to Syria with salaries. For example, each fighter in the Fatimiyon Brigade earns between $450 and $700 a month, making it the highest-paid militia organization in Iran. Other militias are paid $200 to $300 by Iran, while local militias such as the Nubal and Zahra Brigades are paid less than $100 a month. Militia salaries are covered by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps’ (IRGC) budget of about $7.6 billion.

The IRGC and Hezbollah typically train members of these militias in camps in Mashhad, northeastern Iran, and then move them to Syria by land or air through Iraq. When they are not deployed to Iran, the IRGC can rely on several military bases and camps in Syria, including Damascus International Airport, Taifur Airport, Ezra Base, Saida Zainab Base, Kaswa Camp, and Zabadani Camp. – Qusayr camp.

Before May 2013, the activities of private security companies in Syria were limited to securing malls, banks and concerts. The growing demand for a legal armed force unfettered by government regulation led to the legislative decree. 55: Legal Treaty Allowing Militias to Operate and Use Military Force in Syria – Under their treaty, these entities are allowed to operate freely without reporting to Bashar al-Assad’s military or security forces.

Iran uses private security companies to insert Iranian influence in sensitive Syrian areas, such as the capital Damascus, without worrying about maintaining that presence in the future, under the name of a registered Syrian company. Iran sees private security as an ideal way to maintain a presence in strategic locations such as the Baghdad-Damascus highway in Syria’s eastern desert.

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The achievements of the Syrian opposition forces in 2014-2015 were one of the most important motivations for Iran to strengthen its military presence and intervene directly in Syria. Map 2 shows the reality of Iran’s current territorial control and influence, as well as local and foreign militias.

As for Iranian-backed foreign militias, the IRGC used a completely different tactic in 2018 to reduce the risk of Israeli airstrikes. First, it restricted the activities of these militias, using local intermediaries to act on their behalf, such as the Iraqi Badr Brigade. Militias still maintain three bases south of Aleppo and near Aleppo International Airport. It is worth noting that all of his social media accounts have stopped promoting their activities in the field and have since operated under the Syrian LDF.

Plan of Iran as shown on the map

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