Map Of Ireland With Counties – The Counties of Ireland (Irish: Contaetha na hÉireann) are the thirty-two historic administrative divisions of the island. They began as Norman structures, and as the powers used to Cambro-Norman and older gentry declined over time, new offices of political control were established at county level.
After the partition of Ireland in 1921, six traditional counties became part of Northern Ireland. In Northern Ireland, in 1973, the use of counties for local government was discontinued; Areas are used instead. In the Republic of Ireland, some counties were divided, resulting in the creation of new counties: currently 26 counties, 3 cities and 2 cities and counties divide local authority areas in the Republic.
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The word “county” is used in different senses for different purposes. In common usage, it may refer to the 32 counties that existed before 1838 – the so-called traditional counties, of which 26 were in the Republic of Ireland. However, the Local Government Acts define towns to include individual towns within the traditional county of Dublin.
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In Ireland the word county always precedes the name of the county; Thus “County Roscommon” in Ireland and “County Roscommon” in Michigan in the United States. The former “King’s County” and “Kew County” were exceptions; But these are now County Offaly and County Laois respectively. Abbreviation Co is used, as in “Co. Roscommon”. Dublin counties, established in 1994, use the word county as a suffix or after a name; Thus, for example, Internet searches show more use of “Fingal” (on Irish sites) than “County Fingal” or “Fingal County”. Although official guidance does not use the word county as part of its name, local councils use all three forms.
In informal usage, the word county is usually omitted, except when necessary to distinguish between a town and a town or city; Thus “Offaly” is not “County Offaly” but “County Antrim” to distinguish it from the city of Antrim. The synonym shire is not used for Irish counties, although the Marquesate of Downshire was named after County Down in 1789.
Certain cities and parts of towns are exempt from the jurisdiction of their surrounding counties. These towns and cities had the status of county corporation, granted by royal charter, with all the judicial, administrative and promotional powers of regular counties.
The political geography of Ireland can be traced with some precision from the 6th century. At the time, Ireland was divided into a patchwork of small kingdoms and had three traditional levels of kingship in Jeral. The lowest level of political control existed at the Irish level: túath (Irish: túatha). Ireland: a túath is an independent group of people with an independent political power, a rí túaithe, meaning a local petty king.
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There were about 150 such government units. Each Rai Taithe was a territorial vassal or “over-king” (Irish: Ruirí). At any one time there may be 20 guineas in Ireland.
An “excessive king” (Irish: rí ruirech) was usually a provincial (Irish: rí cóicid) or semi-provincial king to whom several ruiríchs were subject. The rí ruirech was not current for more than six gin. Generally, five such “over-kings” existed at the same time and are therefore described in Irish annals as the fifth (Irish: cúigí). The territories controlled by these kings were: Ulster (Irish: Uláidh), Leinster (Irish: Laighin), Connacht (Irish: Connachta), Munster (Irish: An Mhuhan) and Maid (Irish: An Mhidhe). Later recorders called them provinces in imitation of the Roman provinces. During the Norman period, the historic fifth of Leinster and Meath gradually merged, largely due to the influence of the Pale, which absorbed both and thus formed the former province of Leinster.
After the Norman Conquest the use of provinces as a division of political power was replaced by the county system. In modern times, clusters of counties belong to separate provinces, but these clusters have no legal status. Today they play mainly on a sporting basis with Ireland’s four professional rugby teams playing under the name of the counties and the Gaelic Athletic Association having separate county boards and county championships.
With the arrival of Cambro-Norman knights in 1169, the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland began. This was followed by the invasion of King Hri II from Gadod in 1172 with beautiful royal engagements.
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After his intervention in Ireland, Henry II effectively divided the English colony into liberties, known as lordships. These were actually palatine cities and, as distinguished from ordinary counties, were separate from the crown, and those to whom they were granted had essentially the same powers as the king, and the king’s decree had no effect except as a writ of error.
The reason for the establishment of such powerful guilds in Ireland was the lack of crown power that shone there.
The same process occurred after the Norman Conquest, which, despite having a strong government, required provincial palatines in the border regions of Wales and Scotland.
In Ireland this meant that land was divided up and given to Richard de Clare and his followers, who became lords (and sometimes called earls) as the only land given to the crown directly controlled towns and territories along the coast. help
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Among Hry II’s grants, at least three of them—Richard de Clare from Leinster; Meath to Walter de Lacy; Ulster and John were equal to de Courcy in granting royal powers to grantees of the Palatine counties.
These early lords were later divided into small “liberties,” who seem to have reveled in the privileges of their predecessors.
The division of Leinster and Munster into smaller counties is often attributed to King John, mainly due to the lack of documentary evidence of the earlier destruction. However, they may have an earlier origin.
These counties are: In Leinster: Carlow (also known as Caterlough), Dublin, Kildare, Kilkenny, Louth (also known as Uriel), Meath, Wexford, Waterford; In Munster: Cork, Limerick, Kerry and Tipperary.
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It is believed that these counties had no administrative purpose until the end of King John’s reign and new towns were not founded until the Tudor dynasty.
The sovereign could and did appoint sheriffs in the Palatines; However, their authority was limited to church lands and they were called sheriffs of the county cross, which seems to have been the counties palatine in Ireland.
Throughout the Plantgate period the precise boundaries of liberties and liberties were in constant flux, apparently corresponding to the degree of Glish control.
For example, in 1297 Kildare was recorded as comprising the lands of what are now the modern counties of Offaly, Laois (Leics) and Wicklow (Arklow).
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However, Bruce’s invasion of Ireland in 1315 led to the collapse of effective Glish rule in Ireland, and the lands controlled by the crown were steadily reduced to Dublin and parts of Meath, Louth and Kildare.
In the rest of Ireland, Glish rule was made completely impossible by the abolition of the provincial system of Earls of Desmond, Ormond and Kildare (all created in the 14th century).
In the reign of Edward III (1327–77) all franchises, grants and liberties were temporarily abolished and power was handed over to the king’s sheriffs over sescals.
This may have resulted from the chaos caused by Bruce’s invasion and the loyalty of the Connaught Berks to the crown.
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The Earls of Ulster divided their territory into counties; However, these are not considered the sweet part of Ireland’s crown. In 1333, the county of Ulster consisted of three counties: Antrim, Blathwick, Cragpherus, Culrath, Dell’Art, Don (also known as Laudcatel) and Twescord.
With independence ceded to the crown, the Cross Counties dwindled in number, and only Tipperary survived the Stuart period; Others ceased to exist in the reign of Hry VIII.
Until the Tudors, especially under Henry VIII (1509–47), crown control once again spread throughout Ireland.
Proclaiming himself King of Ireland in 1541, Henry VIII set out to make Irish chieftains feudal subjects of the crown, dividing the land into districts that were eventually incorporated into modern counties.
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About 1545, local septs such as the Byrnes and O’Tooles, who had always been a pain to Pale’s elegant rule, petitioned the Lord Deputy of Ireland to convert their district into County Wicklow. However, this was ignored.
During the reigns of the last two Tudor monarchs, Mary I (1553–58) and Elizabeth I (1558–1603), much of the work of building the modern counties was done under the auspices of three lords: Thomas. Radcliffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, Sir Henry Sidney and Sir John Perrot.
Mary’s reign saw the first real new additions
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