Fur Real Guinea Pig – This article is about the small rodt species. For domestic pigs, see Guinea hog. For other uses, see Guinea Pig (disambiguation).
The guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), also known as the cavy (/ˈkeɪv i /), is a species of rodent belonging to the genus Cavia in the family Caviidae. For example, farmers use the term cavy to describe the animal, while in scientific and laboratory settings, it is often referred to as pig.
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Despite its common name, guinea pigs are not native to Guinea, nor are they biologically related to pigs, and the origin of the name remains unclear. They come from the Andes in South America. Biochemistry and hybridization studies show that they are domesticated animals that do not naturally exist in the wild, mirroring closely related cavy species such as C. tschudii.
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They were originally kept as pets as a source of meat and are still eaten in some parts of the world.
In Western society, guinea pigs have enjoyed popularity as pets since they were introduced to Europe and North America by European traders in the 16th century. Their affectionate nature, responsiveness to care and feeding, and ease of care have made guinea pigs a popular choice for pets. There was an organization dedicated to racing guinea pigs around the world. Many special breeds, with different colors and coat colors, have been selected by breeders.
Guinea pig farming plays an important role in the folk culture of many Indigo peoples of the Andes, especially as a source of food.
They are raised for their meat and are a staple food in the Andean mountains, where they are called cuy. In the 1960s a modern breeding program was initiated in Peru resulting in a large breed known as cuy mejorados (improved cuy). Traders tried to increase animal feed outside of South America.
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Biological experiments on domestic guinea pigs have been carried out since the 17th century. Animals were so used as model organisms in the 19th and 20th centuries that the epithet guinea pig was used to describe human test subjects. Since then, they have been replaced by other animals, such as rats and mice. However, they are still used in research, especially as models for studying human conditions such as juvenile diabetes, tuberculosis, scurvy (like humans, they need vitamin C in their diet), and pregnancy complications. .
Cavia porcellus is not found naturally in the wild; It is probably derived from closely related cave species such as C. aperea, C. fulgida, and C. tschudii, which are still commonly found in various parts of South America.
In that case, it clearly is the ancestor of C. tschudii. Some species of cavy known in the 20th century, such as C. anolaimae and C. guianae, may have been domesticated gray pigs that became feral after reintroduction into the wild.
The cave is located on a grassy plain and the ecological niche is similar to that of cattle. They are social animals, living in the forest in small groups (“herds”) consisting of several females (“seeds”), males (“seeds”) and their young (“lambs” not “pigs”). the name of the old pig). Groups of animals move together, eat grass or other plants, but do not leave food.
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Although they do not burrow or build nests, they often seek shelter in burrows of other animals, as well as burrows and tunnels made by plants.
They are stealthy and are usually active at dawn and dusk, making them difficult for hunters to spot.
Known locally as cuy, the gray pig was first domesticated around 5000 BC as a food for tribes in the Andean region of South America (southern Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia).
The history of the sculptures is from 500 BC to 500 AD. which has been found in archeological sites in Peru and Ecuador.
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From around 1200 until the Spanish conquest in 1532, settlers used selective breeding to create different breeds of guinea pigs, which are the basis of some modern domestic breeds.
They continue to be a source of food in the region; Many households in the Andes raise the animal that is used as family food.
There are many traditions about pigs; They are exchanged as gifts, used in traditional social and religious ceremonies, and often referred to in linguistic metaphors.
They are also used in traditional healing rituals by healers, or curanderos, who use the animals to diagnose diseases such as jaundice, rheumatism, arthritis and typhus.
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These methods are widely accepted in many parts of the Andes, where Western medicine is unavailable or unreliable.
Spanish, Dutch and English traders brought guinea pigs to Europe, where they quickly became popular as exotic pets among nobles and royalty, including Queen Elizabeth I.
The most famous written account of the gray pig dates back to 1547, in a description of the animal from Santo Domingo. Since sheep are not native to Spain, it is thought that the animal was brought to Spain by early travelers.
However, based on direct research in the islands of the West Indies, the animal must have been introduced to the Caribbean by ceramic planters from South America around 500 BC.
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This happened in the Ostionoid period in Puerto Rico, for example, long before Spanish rule.
The scientific name binomial was used for the first time in 1777 by Erxleb; it is a combination of the generic name of Pallas (1766) and the specific name of Linnaeus (1758).
Painting (artist unknown) in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery, London, 1580, the most famous European portrait of a domestic gray pig, showing a young woman in Elizabethan dress holding a guinea pig’s tail. hands He lives with his two brothers, one of whom keeps a pet bird.
The image is from the same period as the oldest recorded boar in a coffin, a partial skeleton found at Hill Hall, an Elizabethan mansion in Essex, and dated 1575.
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Guinea pigs are great for trees; A typical breed weighs between 700 and 1,200 g (1.5 and 2.6 lb) when fully grown and stretches between 20 and 25 cm (8 and 10 in).
Pets live an average of four to five years, but can live up to eight years.
Most guinea pigs are moose, but one laboratory breed adopted by some pet owners is the skinned pig, a hairless breed. Some breeds are long-haired breeds such as Peruvian, Silkie and Texel.
In the 1990s, a minority of scientific opinions emerged suggesting that caviomorphs such as guinea pigs, chinchillas, and degus are true rodents, and should be reclassified as a separate order of mammals (as are lagomorphs such as rodents, which are rabbits). is also included).
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A later study using a larger sample returned a consensus among mammal biologists on the curt classification of rodents, including guinea pigs, as a monophyletic.
Male and female pigs differ in appearance except for general size. The position of the anus in both males and females is very close to the vagina. Sex with animals at a young age should be done by someone who is trained in the differences. A woman’s vagina is defined by a “Y” shape formed by the vulvar fold. Although the male genitalia are similar, the pee and anus have similar shapes, if pressure is applied to the hair around the front of the genital area, pee will come out.
Guinea pigs can learn complex ways to eat, and can remember the rules well for months. Their problem solving strategy is action.
Although guinea pigs can jump over small obstacles, they cannot jump very high. Most of them are poor climbers, and not very smart. They move easily, and in danger they either freeze in place for long periods of time, or run for cover in quick movements and jumps.
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Interestingly, guinea pigs can (often) do little popcorns in the air (a movement called “popcorning”), similar to a ferret’s war dance.
Pigs often pluck each other’s hair, but this is a way to establish hierarchy within a group rather than a social behavior.
Dominance is also established by hitting (especially the ears), piloerections, loud noises, headbutting, and jumping attacks.
Guinea pigs have poor distance and color vision, but have a wide visual angle (about 340°) and partial color vision (dichromacy). They have good hearing, smell and touch.
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Guinea pigs have developed a different biological rhythm than wild animals, with long periods of activity and short periods of sleep in between.
Events are spread periodically throughout the day; Other than avoiding light, there is no normal circadian pattern.
Although this cat accepted these guinea pigs, the success of the interspecies relationship depends on each animal.
Guinea pigs do not grow very large
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