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Bering Sea Location On Map
Bering Sea and Strait, Beringovo More and Proliv Beringa, the northernmost part of the Pacific Ocean, separating the continents of Asia and North America. In the north, the Bering Sea connects to the Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait, where at its narrowest the two continents are about 85 kilometers apart. The border between the United States and Russia runs through oceans and straits.
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The Bering Sea roughly resembles a triangle with the apex to the north and the base formed by the 1,100-mile arc of the Alaska Peninsula to the east; The Aleutian Islands, which are part of the US state of Alaska, in the south; and the Komandor Islands to the west. Its area is about 890,000 square kilometers (2,304,000 sq mi), including islands. Its maximum width from east to west is about 1,490 miles and from north to south about 990 miles.
The Bering Strait is a relatively shallow passage, with an average depth of 100 to 165 feet (30 to 50 meters). During the Ice Age, the sea level dropped by several hundred feet, making the strait a land bridge between the continents of Asia and North America, over which considerable migration of plants and animals took place.
In addition to the Aleutian and Komandor groups, there are several other large islands in both the sea and the strait. These include the islands of Nunivak, St. Lawrence and Nelson in Alaskan waters and Karagin Island in Russian waters.
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The Bering Sea can be divided into two almost equal parts: a relatively shallow area along the continental shelf and island in the north and east, and a much deeper area in the southwest. In the continental shelf area, which is a vast underwater plain, the depth in most cases is less than 500 feet. The deep southwestern part of the ocean is also a plain, lying at a depth of 12,000 to 13,000 feet and divided by distinct ridges into three basins: the greater Aleutian Basin to the north and east, the Bowers Basin to the south, and the Komandor Basin to the west. The ocean’s deepest point, 13,442 feet (4,097 meters), is in Bowers Basin.
The continental crust is more than 12 miles thick along shallow shelves and on the Aleutian Islands. The thickness decreases in the escarpment areas, and in the deep part of the ocean the crust is 6 to 9 miles thick.
An enormous amount of sediment enters the sea from land every year due to coastal erosion. Plant and animal life on the surface also produces sediment, but very little reaches the bottom, and as a result, most of the sediment on the ocean floor is from land. Along with large amounts of silica, bottom sediments contain large amounts of rocks, pebbles and gravel that are broken from the ice shore and carried to the sea. In the southern part, the sediments are rich in material of volcanic origin.
Although the Bering Sea is located at the same latitude as Great Britain, its climate is much worse. The southern and western parts are characterized by cold, rainy summers with frequent fog and relatively warm, snowy winters. Winters are extreme in the north and east, with temperatures of -31 ° to -49 °F (-35 ° to -45 °C) and strong winds. Summers in the north and east are cool with relatively little rainfall. Snow persists on the Koryak coast for 8 months and on the Chukchi Peninsula for almost 10 months, with a snow cover of 1-2 feet thick. Annual precipitation in the southern part of the ocean is more than 40 inches (1,000 millimeters), mostly as rain, while in the north the precipitation is less than half that and is mostly snow.
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Average annual temperatures range from −14 °F (−10 °C) in the arctic to about 39 °F (4 °C) in the south. Surface temperatures average from 34°F (1°C) in the north to 41°F (5°C) in the south. The frost-free period lasts about 80 days in the northern part of the ocean, where snow is common even in summer and the maximum temperature is only 68 °F (20 °C). In the southern region, there are almost 150 frost-free days and the temperature rarely drops much below zero. January and February are the coldest, July and August are the warmest. Strong storms caused by strong low pressure centers move from time to time in the southern part of the ocean.
Almost all the water in the Bering Sea comes from the Pacific Ocean. The salinity of surface water is relatively low, 31 to 33 parts per thousand; in the deeper part of the sea, the salinity rises to 35 thousand parts near the bottom. In winter, the northern part of the ocean is covered with ice, and even in summer, the water below the surface remains below freezing. The structure of the water in the Bering Sea is generally subarctic, which is characterized by the fact that in the summer there is a cold intermediate layer with warmer water above and below. During the summer, the surface water is warm, but a considerable layer of water that has been cooled during the winter remains cold and is called the cold interlayer. The maximum thickness of this intermediate layer is about 475 feet in the northern part of the sea and up to 280 feet in the south. Below this layer is a slightly warmer layer, below that are cooler bottom waters. In the shallow northern and eastern parts of the ocean, only two upper layers form: the surface water and a cooler intermediate layer.
Warm water in the Southern Ocean enters the Bering Sea through the many straits of the Fox Islands, through Amchitka and Tanaga Passes, and mostly through Blizhny Strait between Attu and Medny Islands. Attu, Tanaga and cross currents carry the warm water to the northwest. The Transverse Current, which travels along the Asian continental slope towards Cape Navarin, splits into two: one branch forms the northward-moving Lawrence Current, and the other joins the Anadyr Current, which in turn produces the strong Kamchatka Current, which controls the southward movement of the Bering Sea along the Asian coast. Near the coast of Alaska, the general direction of the water is to the north, a factor that causes less severe ice conditions on that side of the ocean compared to the western side. Part of the Bering Sea water flows through the Bering Strait into the Arctic Ocean, but most of it returns to the Pacific Ocean. The deep waters of the Bering Sea gradually rise to the surface and return to the Pacific Ocean as surface water. Thus, the Bering Sea is an important part of the general circulation of water in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. The upwelling of seawater, which is rich in nutrient salts, gives the sea a high biological productivity. In the North Pacific region, the Bering Strait and the surrounding area represent a geographical sea area of great importance for Russia and the United States. consist in defending the geographical interests of each.
Moscow and Washington have identified political priorities for the Bering Strait that have led the two countries to strengthen their military presence and to maintain constant control and control of this territorial area.
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Due to these points, the aim of the analysis will be to identify the geographical reasons that lead the Russian Federation and the United States to assess the Bering Strait as an area of strategic interest, and then to analyze how these reasons affect the definition of the relevant military. methods.
The first possible explanation for the geopolitical importance attributed to the Bering Strait by the Russian Federation and the United States can be found in its particular geophysical profile, summarized in two peculiarities. The first is due to its intermediate position between Russian territories and the state of Alaska and the only sea connection between the Arctic region and the North Pacific region.
Another peculiarity of the Bering Strait is easily recognizable in its geographical structure due to the large amount of mineral resources and the relatively low water level, which
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