Continents And Oceans Blank Map Pdf – An animated color map showing the different areas. Depending on the convention and model, some continents may be combined or subdivided.
A continent is one of several large land masses. In general, recognized by convention rather than any strict criteria, three geographic regions are usually considered continents. From largest to smallest regions are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Australia.
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Variations with fewer continents may combine some of them, for example, America, Eurasia or Afro-Eurasia are sometimes considered a single continent, making their total number less than four. Zealandia, the most submerged mass of continental crust, is also described as a continent.
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Oceanic islands are often grouped by the nearest continent to divide the total land mass into geographic regions. According to this plan, most of the island countries and territories of the Pacific Ocean, together with the continent of Australia, form a geographical region called Oceania.
In geology, a continent is defined as “one of the major landmasses, including land and continental shelves.”
Geologically, continents correspond to the six large regions of continental crust found on plate tectonics, but exclude smaller continental fragments such as Madagascar, commonly called microcontinents. The continental crust is known only on Earth.
The idea of continental drift was recognized in the 20th century. This suggests that the short continents were formed as a result of the breakup of the supercontinent Pangea hundreds of millions of years ago.
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According to the convention, continents are “large, continuous and isolated areas of land ideally separated by bodies of water”.
In modern schemes with five or more recognized continents, at least one pair of continents is somehow connected to Earth. The “large” criterion results in an arbitrary classification: Greenland is the world’s largest island at 2,166,086 square kilometers (836,330 sq mi), while Australia is 7,617,930 square kilometers (2,941,300 sq mi). It is the smallest continent.
All major landmasses have coastlines on a single, continuous global ocean, which is divided into several large ocean basins by continents and at different geographic scales.
The land or mainland, the coastline, and all land boundaries make up the continental margin. In this context, the term continental Europe (sometimes called “continent” in Britain) is used to refer to mainland Europe, excluding islands such as the United Kingdom, Iceland, Ireland and Malta, which may refer to the Australian mainland. Mainland Australia except New Guinea, Tasmania and other nearby islands. Similarly, the continental United States refers to “the 49 states of the North American continent (including Alaska, excluding Hawaii) and the District of Columbia.”
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In terms of geological or physical geography, a continent can be extended beyond the boundaries of permanent dry land to include a shallow, submerged area (the continental shelf).
From this point of view, the edge of the continental shelf is the true edge of the continent, and the coastlines change with changes in sea level.
In this case, the islands of Great Britain and Ireland form part of Europe, while Australia and the island of New Guinea together form a continent.
As a cultural entity, the concept of a continent can go beyond continentality to include oceanic islands and continental fragments. Thus, Iceland is considered part of Europe and Madagascar is considered part of Africa. Some geographers have taken this concept to an extreme, grouping the Australian landmass with other Pacific islands into a “quasi-continent” called Oceania. It divides the Earth’s surface into continents or subcontinents.
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The criterion that each continent is a separate territory is usually relaxed due to historical traditions and practical usage. Of the seven continents recognized worldwide, only Antarctica and Australia are completely separated from the rest of the ocean. Many continents are defined as “more or less isolated masses” rather than as completely separate bodies.
Africa and Asia are joined by the Isthmus of Suez, and North America and South America by the Isthmus of Panama. In both cases, these territories are not completely separated by water (the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal, which are narrow and not so low, and also artificially constructed), were not taken into account. These two isthmuses are very narrow compared to most of the land they join.
In the seven-continent model, North America and South America are treated as separate continents. However, they can be seen as a single continent called America. This view was popular in the United States until World War II and dominated some Asian six-continent models.
The single model of the American continent is popular in France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain and Latin American countries.
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If the continuous land of Eurasia is classified into two separate continents (Asia and Europe), the criterion of a discrete route is completely ignored. Physiologically, Europe and the Indian subcontinent are large peninsulas of the Eurasian continent. However, Europe is considered a relatively large continent with an area of 10,180,000 square kilometers (3,930,000 sq mi), while the Indian subcontinent is considered a subcontinent with an area of less than half that. An alternative view – in geography and geography – is that Eurasia is a single continent, resulting in a six-continent worldview. Some consider the division of Eurasia into Asia and Europe as a sign of Europeanism: “In physical, cultural and historical diversity, China and India can be compared to the tired land of Europe, not to a single European nation. […]”.
However, for historical and cultural reasons, the perception of Europe as a separate continent persists in almost all classifications.
If the continents are strictly defined as separate continents that cover the entire contiguous territory of the same body, then Africa, Asia and Europe form a single continent, which is called Afro-Eurasia.
Together with the integration of the Americas, this model creates four continents consisting of Afro-Eurasia, America, Antarctica and Australia.
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When sea levels fell during the Pleistocene Ice Age, large areas of the continental shelf were exposed as dry land, forming land bridges between Tasmania and the Australian mainland.
At that time, Australia and New Guinea were a single continuous continent known as Saul. Similarly, Afro-Eurasia and America are connected by the Bering Land Bridge. Other islands, such as Great Britain, have merged with continental mainlands. At that time, there were only three separate continents in the world: Africa – Eurasia – America, Antarctica and Australia – New Guinea (Sahul).
Some geographers use the term Oceania for the geographic region that includes most of the Pacific island nations and territories as well as the Australian continent.
For a detailed list of populations by continental regions and subregions, see List of continental regions and subregions by population.
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The table below gives the areas given by the Cyclopædia Britannica for each continent according to the Sev-Continent model, including Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia as part of the Pacific Ocean, as well as Australia. It provides the continent’s population as projected by the United Nations Statistics Division for 2021 based on the UN geoscheme, which includes all of Russia (i.e. Siberia) as part of Europe, but also Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Kazakhstan and Turkey (i.e. Eastern Thrace). . as part of Asia.
Unlike short continents, the scope and meaning of the term continent includes the geography of the past. Supercontinents, as evidenced by most of the geologic record, are landmasses that contain most of the world’s cratons, or continental cores.
These include Valbara, Courland, Columbia, Rodinia, Pannotia and Pangea. Over time, these supercontinents split into larger continents that formed the Perst continents.
Some parts of the continents are recognized as subcontinents, especially the huge peninsulas separated from the main continental landmass by geographical features. The most common example is the Indian subcontinent.
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Other examples are the Arabian Peninsula, the Southern Cone of South America, and Alaska in North America.
In most of these cases, the corresponding “islands” lie on separate tectonic plates from the rest of the continents, justifying the geographic terminology.
Greenland, considered the world’s largest island on the northeastern edge of the North American plate, is sometimes referred to as a subcontinent.
This is a significant departure from the traditional landscape of the subcontinent, which consists of a very large peninsula at the edge of the continent.
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Where America is seen as one continent (America), it is divided into two sub-continents (North America and South America).
Some areas of the continental crust are mainly covered by oceans and can be considered as submerged continents. Notable examples originate from the Zealand Sea, mainly New Zealand and New Caledonia.
Some islands are located on parts of the continental crust that are separated from the main continent. Although not considered continents due to their relatively small size, they can be considered microcontinents. Madagascar, the largest example, is usually considered an African island, but its diverse evolution has led it to be referred to biologically as the “eighth continent”.
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