Definition Of Axis In Science – Learn about the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Discover their latitude and Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn. Updated: 23.11.2021
The Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn are the two lines of latitude that define the Earth’s tropical climate region. Known for its mild temperatures, this climate region has rainforests and savannas.
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What are the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn? To fully answer this, it is necessary to understand latitude and longitude. Latitude and longitude is an imaginary grid system used to determine a point on the Earth’s surface. Finding a location in this grid system works like plotting a point on a graph. When plotting the point (2, 5) on a graph, the point will be 2 units to the right of the y-axis and 5 units above the x-axis. This is because on a graph, the x- and y-axes are our reference (or zero) lines. Latitude and longitude also have reference lines. For latitude, the zero line is the equator. The equator is an imaginary line that divides the earth into two equal parts, known as the northern and southern hemispheres. A location’s latitude indicates how far north or south it is from the equator. Since the Earth is a sphere, the line connecting a given location on the Earth’s surface to the center of the Earth and then to the equator forms an angle. That is why latitude is called the angular distance north or south of the equator, and why its unit of measure is degrees.
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The latitude of the location indicates the angle it makes with the equator (the circle shown in red). The Greek letter phi denotes the width angle of the pointing point.
Since two locations can be the same angular distance from the equator (one in the Northern Hemisphere and one in the Southern Hemisphere), the latitude of the location takes either “N” or “S”. For example, New York has a latitude of 41°N, which is north of the equator. Sydney (Australia) has a latitude of 34°, so it is south of the equator.
Latitude indicates how far north or south a point is from the equator. Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn are geographic lines.
As shown, lines of latitude form circles around the earth parallel to the equator. For this reason, they are sometimes called parallel. Because maps are two-dimensional (like charts), parallels run from west to east across the map. This means that plotting the latitude of a location on a map is equivalent to plotting the y-coordinate of a point on a graph.
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Also, longitude has a zero line called the prime meridian. The prime meridian is an imaginary line that divides the earth into two distinct parts, known as the eastern and western hemispheres. This particular meridian passes through Greenwich in England. Since the Earth is a sphere, longitude is also an angular distance measured in degrees, but instead, longitude describes the angular distance east or west of the prime meridian. Since there are two locations equidistant from the prime meridian (one east and one west), the longitude of the location is “E” or “W”. For example, New York has a longitude of 74°, which means it is west of the prime meridian. Sydney (Australia) has a longitude of 151°, so it is east of the prime meridian.
As shown, the lines of longitude form circles that pass through the North and South Poles. These circles are called meridians. On a map, meridians run from north to south. Therefore, plotting the longitude of a location on a map is equivalent to plotting the x-coordinate of a point on a graph.
As with a graph, the latitude and longitude of a point are needed to locate it on the earth’s surface. Traditionally, latitude appears before longitude in location coordinates, so New York’s coordinates are 41°N, 74°W, and Sydney, Australia is 34°S, 151°E.
Every place on the earth’s surface has a latitude and a longitude. These are the coordinates we use to locate every point on the Earth’s surface. Just as you plot points on a graph with x and y values, you can plot points on Earth using latitude and longitude.
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Latitude is the angular distance in degrees of a place north or south of the Earth’s equator. A latitude of zero degrees is at the Earth’s equator (we’ll talk about that later). 90 degrees north is the North Pole and 90 degrees south is the South Pole.
Longitude is the angular distance of a place east or west of the meridian of Greenwich, England. A longitude of zero degrees means it is directly north or south of Greenwich in England, and a longitude of 180 degrees west means that it is halfway around the world from Greenwich, when measured from east to west (excluding north to south). With these two numbers, any point on the Earth’s surface can be located.
One way to remember is to remember that latitude is like a scale because you use it to move up and down. “Lat” and “boy” are the same. And the longitude is… the other – from left to right.
There are two key types of lines we draw on Earth maps. Lines of longitude that run from north to south are called meridians, and lines of latitude that run from east to west are called parallels. In today’s lesson, we will talk about some of the most important parallels we draw on Earth: the equator, the Tropic of Cancer, and the Tropic of Capricorn.
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Understanding latitude and longitude makes it easy to know where the Tropic of Cancer is. Since the Tropic of Cancer is a line of latitude, scientists do not refer to the latitude and longitude of the Tropic of Cancer. Instead, they only describe its latitude, which is 23.43645°N. For simplicity, the measurement of the degree of the Tropic of Cancer is rounded to 23.4°N.
Since the Tropic of Cancer spans the entire 23.4 degree latitude line north of the Equator, there is no exact latitude and longitude for the Tropic of Cancer.
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The Tropic of Cancer is located at 23.4°S, due to the ratio of incoming light energy from the Sun and the Earth’s crust. Since the Earth is a sphere, incoming solar energy strikes at a different angle depending on latitude. When sunlight reaches the surface at an angle of 90°, it appears directly in the sky at noon. This means that the energy reaching the surface is very intense, so this location is warm. When sunlight hits the ground at less than 90°, the light is spread out and its intensity is lower. This means that the sun appears lower in the sky and is cooler.
Moving away from the equator, the angle of incoming solar energy decreases, making it colder. Knowing this relationship helps determine the location of the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.
If the Earth were sitting on its axis of rotation, the equator would always receive solar energy at an angle of 90°. The Earth is tilted on its axis at an angle of about 23.4°. Because of this inclination, solar energy hitting at a 90° angle is in different places depending on the season of the year. On the first day of spring in the northern hemisphere, the sun’s energy is strongest (at an angle of 90°) at the equator. However, as the earth moves in its orbit, the location of this living energy shifts to the north. It continues to move north until the first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere. On this day, the light that strikes at an angle of 90 ° is on the Tropic of Cancer. That means anyone from the Tropic of Cancer will see the sun directly at noon, while people on the equator see the sun lower in the sky. Also, because the sun’s energy is so intense in the Tropic of Cancer, it’s hot. Therefore, the Tropic of Cancer is the northern limit of the tropical region. Then, as the earth continues to move in its orbit, the location of this living energy begins to move south toward the equator. It will reach the equator again on the first day of autumn in the Northern Hemisphere.
The Tropic of Capricorn can be thought of as the Line of Capricorn, as it is a line of latitude. Tropic of Capricorn is latitude 23.43645 ° S. For simplicity, the Tropic of Capricorn degree measurement is rounded to 23.4°N. That is the southern border
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